Technology And Its Impact On Society - 1343 Words

From over ten thousand years ago to what is now the Information Age, technology has grown significantly and affected not just one individual, but the whole world. The creations of technology have rapidly evolved to where humans depend on technology. They use it for their daily needs and this evidence shows these creations are a stepping-stone for future endeavours. The innovations that several people have created revolutionised the world in a major way from a light bulb and crossbows to an airplane and satellites. However, where they are positive results lie potential negative consequences and it becomes conspicuous every day. As humans become more dependent on technology over the years, society becomes interdependent. This indicates that†¦show more content†¦While it is imperative to create innovations to make people’s tasks easier, the care for a person’s health is a priority and not a luxury. As people watch as technology becomes more advanced, the proportio nality between what humans do and what technology does significantly lowers. The reliability towards many technological devices increase which influences a person’s physical health. Although this relates specifically to individual harm, it becomes clearer about the contrasting effects that can harm a person. One issue that reveals one truth in a report by USA Today is that, â€Å"[nearly] 70 percent of American adults say [they have] experienced symptoms of digital eye strain at some point in their lives† (Holmes 2014). Seeing the dependency on different technological appliances, using it several times leads to harmful effects that are permanent to one’s physical health. Although there can be arguments of positive and negative effects, a person’s health remains the most important factor over technology. Likewise, physical health is affected, but a person’s social health can become worse too. In one study on the addiction of cell phone, â€Å"73 [p ercent] say they felt panicked when they [lose] their phone† and â€Å"[nearly] 40 [percent] admit to checking their phone while on the

The Maori Tribe Of New Zealand - 1556 Words

The Maori tribe arrived in New Zealand during the 13th century. Upon their arrival, the Maori people came across a land quite different from what they originally had been accustomed, learning to adapt to the new climate and the hunt for land mammals is how the tribe survive for years. The Maori people are recognized for their tribe proud spirit, great navigating skills using starts and oceans, and a sense of history that isolates them from every other tribe. The Maori indigenous people migrated from the islands of East Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean, this voyage was later known as the â€Å"Great Fleet†. But even before all the Polynesian voyagers arrived it was said that Chief Kupe was the first to find New Zealand. After the settlement of†¦show more content†¦The highest social rank for the Maori people was the ariki and this was the first-born descendant of the tribe and the leader of the tribe. Every person in the Maori tribe has specific tasks and roles within the social order, such as gardening or hunting for food. The social structure of the Maori culture was divided into three groups: gentry, commoners, and slaves. The commoners were the lower class and while the slaves were treated well, they did not have any personal rights. One commonality that was seen between the high and low status were the tattoos and garments used by the people, those tattooed were within a higher social stratum while those without were de emed worthless. The Maori believed that everything that exists was created by the Gods, the void, the night, and the world of light. To the people, the natural and supernatural worlds were one altogether. The Maori tribe had many spiritual concepts and have a god for almost every life event such as birth, fishing, and the first crops. The rich Maori culture believes in spiritual beings and a supreme supernatural, Io. It is believed that Io only appears to those who have reached a superior level in society, most preferably by the Maori. It was once said that each Maori family had spirits and gods watching over them, these supernatural beings originated from the dead relatives, miscarriages or abortions. Death and funeral rituals play an important role in the Maori culture. In the funeralShow MoreRelatedWhy Did The Treaty Of Waitangi Was Signed? Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesIn the early 1800s New Zealand was an independent MÄ ori-controlled nation, in 1839; Captain William Hobson was given the job of bringing sovereignty to the land of New Zealand. The crown wanted to take part in the growing trade within New Zealand. There were many British missionaries working and living in New Zealand as residents already. MÄ ori and early visitors did not often get on. 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They have an immeasurable respect for the land and it holds the utmost significance. This essay will explore traditional beliefs of whenua such as the creation myth and the importance of TÄ ne. It will also discuss the importance to the MÄ o ri and how theRead MoreNew Zealand s M Ä€ Ori Culture1065 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"New Zealand s MÄ ori culture is an integral part of Kiwi life and adds a unique, dynamic experience for visitors...Find out where to experience  MÄ ori culture by choosing your area of interest in the right-hand menu.† (100% Pure New Zealand). Most top search results for â€Å"Maori Culture† are for attractions, guided tours, and similar spectacles. This culture, which has persisted for nearly a millennia, is gradually withering into little more than a side show attraction. 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Annotated Bibliography Privacy In Cloud Computing

Question: Discuss about theAnnotated Bibliographyfor Privacy in Cloud Computing. Answer: Introduction Cloud computing is a practice that involves the use of services and applications that are hosted over the network which is usually the Internet. Almost all of the applications along with the data management are done on cloud in the present scenario. There are a number of specific properties that are associated with every cloud service such as sharing of resources, scalability, non-stop availability, easy accessibility and many others. Due to the involvement of a number of components and the presence of such huge number services, there are many issues that are seen in regards with the cloud computing. Security and privacy issues are one of the prime concerns that are seen in association with cloud computing. These issues primarily affect the data and the information that is present in the cloud environment and adversely impacts the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the same. Detailed Analysis of Related Work Hashizume, K., Rosado, D., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing. J Internet Serv Appl, 4(1), 5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1869-0238-4-5 The resource is a journal that explains the concept and various issues that are associated with the same in terms of security and privacy. The author has made use of the three delivery models as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) to explain the security and privacy issues. The security issues that are present under SaaS include application security, issues due to the multi-tenancy architecture followed in cloud computing, data security issues and accessibility issues resulting in compromise of the privacy of the data. There are also a number of issues associated with PaaS sue to the presence of a number of third party relationships and developmental life cycle along with infrastructural security. IaaS has security and privacy issues due to shared resources, virtual machine monitor and virtual networks. Jansen, W. (2016). Cloud Hooks: Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/hicss/2011/4282/00/10-03-01.pdf The resource is a white paper and the author has focused upon a number of security and privacy issues that are associated with cloud computing. The issues that have been listed in the paper have been categorized and explained on the basis of various categories such as identity management, data protection, isolation and availability. There are also a number of insider threats that are seen due to easier access provided to the insiders and the malicious intents as well which result in the violation of the security and privacy. There are also a number of issues that arise due to architecture that is followed such as attack on the surface, virtual networks and client side protection. Kshetri, N. (2016). Privacy and security issues in cloud computing: The role of institutions and institutional evolution. Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308596112000717 The resource is a journal and the topic of the same revolves around the privacy and security issues that are associated with the cloud computing that have been covered by the author in an elaborated manner. The author has described the nature, origin and the implications that are associated with each of the security and privacy issue that is involved with cloud computing. The changes that are necessary to be implemented have also been covered by the author. Pearson, S. Benameur, A. (2016). Privacy, Security and Trust Issues Arising from Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://barbie.uta.edu/~hdfeng/CloudComputing/cc/cc05.pdf The resource is a white paper that covers the trust, security and privacy issues that are covered by the author in association with cloud computing. Privacy issues that are associated with the cloud computing include due to a number of reasons and components such as the lack of user control, unauthorized secondary storage, data proliferation and dynamic provisioning. There are also security issues that are present in terms of the access issues, availability and backup, control over data lifecycle and lack of standardization along with the audit issues. There are also a number of trust issues that are seen which also cause violation of security and privacy that is associated with the data and information present with the cloud. Ryan, M. (2016). Cloud Computing Privacy Concerns on Our Doorstep. Cacm.acm.org. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2011/1/103200-cloud-computing-privacy-concerns-on-our-doorstep/fulltext The resource is an article in which the author has covered the various privacy concerns that exist in association with the cloud computing. The author has explained deliberate as well as the accidental threats that are present which result in the violation of the security. Deliberate threats are the ones that have the presence of malicious intent and are purposely executed to cause the damage. There are also accidental threats that are present which occur by a human or machine error or due to inadequate knowledge. These concerns along with the countermeasures are covered by the author in the article. Sen, J. (2016). Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1303/1303.4814.pdf The resource is a white paper that covers the concepts that are associated with cloud computing in terms of security and privacy. The author has explained the various components that are present in cloud computing and the issues that emerge due to the involvement of each. The author has covered the six broad areas that impact security and privacy as security of the data that is at rest, security of the data that is in transit or is moving, issues due to authentication, robust separation, legal issues and incident response. Confidentiality, availability and integrity threats are listed as well. Sun, Y., Zhang, J., Xiong, Y., Zhu, G. (2014). Data Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing. International Journal Of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014, 1-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/190903 There are three important properties of data and information as confidentiality, integrity and availability that are utilized in the journal by the author to explain the security and privacy issues that are associated with cloud computing. The attacks that are launched by the attackers with every specific area along with the countermeasures that can be adopted have been explained by the author. Takabi, H. (2016). Security and Privacy Challenges in Cloud Computing Environments. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://csis.pace.edu/~marchese/SE765/Paper/security2.pdf There are three imperative properties of information and data as classification, trustworthiness and accessibility that are used in the diary by the creator to clarify the security and protection issues that are connected with distributed computing. The assaults that are dispatched by the assailants with each particular range alongside the countermeasures that can be received have been clarified by the creator. Research Issues There are a number of security and privacy issues that are seen in the world of cloud computing. The research covers these issues in detail along with the references that have been utilized to assess and analyze the same. Due to the involvement of a number of resources and components, the likelihood of these challenges has increased over the past few years. Also, the attackers have developed a number of newer forms of attacks which do not have a strong countermeasure to deal with the impact that may be caused. These issues that are associated with cloud computing in terms of security and privacy can have low to extremely severe impact and may also result in legal penalties and punishments. The research covers all of these issues and their impacts. Proposed Solutions There are a number of countermeasures and technological advancements that can be adopted in order to put a check on the security and privacy issues that are associated with cloud computing. The basic security measures and mechanisms that must be adopted well so that there are no easy access points to the attackers at the first step of security. These measures include use of anti-virus and other anti-malware software along with the installation of firewall at every network exit and entry point. Advanced security mechanisms in terms of identity and access management must also be ensured such as intrusion detection, intrusion prevention, multi layer authentication and many others. Networking monitoring and network scans must also be used to prevent any of the networking attacks and threats. Cryptography and encryption are the measures that must be used to keep up the security of the data and information even if the attacker succeeds in acquiring the information and data. Physical security is one of the measures that are often overlooked by the organizations and firms that must never be ignored to protect the servers and physical access points. There must also be continual audit and activity logs that must be maintained to detect the activities of the resources and employees that are associated with the organization to put a check on the insider threats that are quite common in the present scenario. Experimental Analysis Related to Improve the Solutions The solutions that have been proposed can be implemented by providing training and conducting sessions for the security team that is involved with the application and the system. There shall be a corrective and preventive solution implemented to the part of the system to test the effectiveness of the same and shall then be expanded to the system as a whole in case of success. Crowdsource testing along with the series of verifications and validations can also be utilized to verify and validate the steps that are implemented in a particular solution. Conclusion and Recommendations Privacy is one of the most important concerns that is seen in the field of cloud computing. There are a number of risks that are seen in the cloud services and applications with respect to the cloud computing. These risks can be executed through a number of threat agents and it is necessary to put a check on these threat agents. The threat agents associated with cloud computing and security and privacy infrastructure present with the same can be prevented by applying a number of physical, administrative and technical controls. Audit logs and scans shall also be done to make sure that the threats are prevented. References Hashizume, K., Rosado, D., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing. J Internet Serv Appl, 4(1), 5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1869-0238-4-5 Jansen, W. (2016). Cloud Hooks: Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/hicss/2011/4282/00/10-03-01.pdf Kshetri, N. (2016). Privacy and security issues in cloud computing: The role of institutions and institutional evolution. Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308596112000717 Pearson, S. Benameur, A. (2016). Privacy, Security and Trust Issues Arising from Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://barbie.uta.edu/~hdfeng/CloudComputing/cc/cc05.pdf Ryan, M. (2016). Cloud Computing Privacy Concerns on Our Doorstep. Cacm.acm.org. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2011/1/103200-cloud-computing-privacy-concerns-on-our-doorstep/fulltext Sen, J. (2016). Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1303/1303.4814.pdf Sun, Y., Zhang, J., Xiong, Y., Zhu, G. (2014). Data Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing. International Journal Of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014, 1-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/190903 Takabi, H. (2016). Security and Privacy Challenges in Cloud Computing Environments. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://csis.pace.edu/~marchese/SE765/Paper/security2.pdf

The Big Business of Dairy Farming Essay Example

The Big Business of Dairy Farming Essay The Big Business of Dairy Farming : Big Trouble for Cows June 11, 2007 Most people are aware that dairies in the United States bear little resemblance to the idyllic pastures of yesteryear. As with other branches of animal agriculture, such as chicken and egg production, hog farming, and beef production as well as crop growing small, traditional dairy farms have been steadily pushed out of the business by large agribusiness concerns. Since the mid-20th century, the growth of factory farming has led to the transformation of agriculture, forcing small farmers to ? et big or get out.? Small farms cannot compete with big agricultural firms because they cannot achieve the same economies of scale. The American dairy industry annually produces about 20 billion gallons of raw milk, which is processed and sold as butter, cheese, ice cream, and fluid milk. This amounts to about INR 1,739. 31 billion in sales each year. There are between 65,000 and 81,000 U. S. dairies, yet corporate consolidat ion means that about half of the milk sold comes from just under 4 percent of the farms. While the large number of brands and labels on store shelves would seem to indicate a diversity of sources, in reality many of these brands are owned by a handful of large corporations. For example, the countrys largest dairy producer, Dean Foods, owns 40 or so brands, 3 of them representing organic milk. As the number of dairy farms has decreased, the size of those remaining has increased. Between 1991 and 2004, the number of U. S. dairies dropped by almost half, and the number of dairies with 100 or more cows grew by 94 percent. Because big businesses typically seek continuously increasing profits, production must be maximized, almost always at the expense of the cows in one way or another. The cows must be pushed to produce more and more milk. The production of large amounts of milk has called for changes that affect the animal’s health, including the use of drugs, mechanization, and factory-like housing conditions. Most dairy cows are raised in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs); about 10 percent of those are considered large CAFOs, each with more than 700 dairy cattle. We will write a custom essay sample on The Big Business of Dairy Farming specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Big Business of Dairy Farming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Big Business of Dairy Farming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of the keys to higher production and higher profits is to increase the milk yield while raising fewer cows. Between 1950 and 2000, the number of dairy cows in the United States fell by more than half, yet during that same period, the average annual milk yield more than tripled. What made this possible, and how has it affected the welfare of the animals? Frequent pregnancy Cows are like any other mammal in that they produce milk for the nurturing of their young; in order to lactate, a cow must recently have given birth. In her natural state, a cow gives birth after nine months of gestation and nurses her calf for seven months to a year. This is ? wasted? time that a dairy factory farm can ill afford in addition to the fact that the milk is meant to go to market, not to the calf so calves born to dairy cows, whose primary purpose in being born is to induce lactation, are taken away either immediately after birth or within a day or so. This separation causes great distress to the mother, who would normally feed the calf more than a dozen times a day and, like other mammals, forms a strong bond with her young soon after birth. Male calves are killed or sent off to be raised for veal or beef. Females become dairy cows like their mothers; frequent replacement of herd members is necessary because the death rate of dairy cows is very high. Cows natural life expectancy is 20 years or more, but the average dairy cow lives just 3 to 4 years, exhausted by constant lactation and frequent disease. Cows on factory farms give birth once a year as a result of artificial insemination. About two to three months after calving, a cow is once again impregnated, and the cycle begins again. Lactation continues throughout, except for a few weeks break in between its cessation (about eight months or so after calving) and the next time she gives birth. Thus, dairy cows are induced to produce milk for most of the year. High-protein feed and growth hormones Cows naturally eat grass, which is how the bucolic image of dairy herds grazing in pastures became so well recognized. A diet of grass, however, is high-fiber and of low nutritional density and does not result in a high milk yield. The milk produced from this diet would be enough to feed a calf, but it is not enough to satisfy market needs. So modern dairy cows are fed a low-fiber, high-protein diet of grains such as corn and soy along with animal by-products. As ruminants, they have stomachs with four compartments that are made to process high-fiber grass; partially digested food, or cud, is regurgitated to again be chewed and swallowed, a process that occupies cows for up to eight hours a day. The feed given to cows on dairy farms, however, does not lend itself to this process and is thus difficult for them to digest, causing health problems. In addition, the use of high-protein diets because they contain animal protein, including, in the past, tissue from diseased cows has been implicated in the proliferation of mad cow disease. Another tool to increase milk yield is the use of the genetically engineered growth hormone rBGH (recombinant bovine growth hormone). This hormone contributes to an average milk prouction of 100 pounds of milk per cow per day, 10 times as much milk as a calf would need. Maintaining such high production for such an unnatural length of time exhausts the cows bodies and depletes them nutritionally to such a degree that even the nutritionally dense feed cannot compensate. Copious milk production causes cowsbones to become severely deficient in calcium. They thus become prone to fracture, and the result is a sharp increase in the number of ? owned? cows, or ? downers,? a general term for farm and food animals who collapse, unable to stand up again, and must be destroyed. The use of rBGH causes other serious problems, including chronic mastitis (a painful bacterial infection and swelling of the udder), which is related to overproduction of milk. To treat infections and help prevent them, d airy farms routinely administer antibiotics to their cows. Antibiotics and rBGH find their way into the milk that humans drink. It is known that the overuse of antibiotics, including routine preventative use, encourages the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. In addition, milk from cows given rBGH shows an increased presence of IGF-1, an insulin-like growth factor, which has been shown to cause cancer in humans. The amount of IGF-1 present in milk produced by cows given rBGH is two to 10 times that in non-rGBH milk. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration, which is responsible for regulating the use of such supplements, not only has allowed the use of rBGH but has also refused to allow the labeling of milk to advise consumers that it contains the hormone. The United States is the only industrialized nation that permits the use of growth hormone in animals used for food. How dairy cows are housed In 2001 more than 75 percent of dairy cows had no access to pasture. Cows in many dairies are housed in a combination of outdoor and indoor facilities, such as sheds, outdoor dirt corrals, and stall barns that may not have access to the open air and where cows may be tied up or otherwise restrained for long periods of time. Cows who are restrained in stalls show signs of stress from social isolation and the inability to lie down; further, they are likely to develop teat and skin injuries, lameness, and susceptibility to a variety of diseases. Over the last few decades, agribusiness dairies have experienced great growth in the southwestern United States, which has a very different climate from the country’s traditional dairy-producing regions, including New England and the Midwest. The Southwest does not have expanses of grassland, and most dairy cattle there are housed in unpaved dirt lots, or drylots. The undeveloped surface of such lots is hard on the cows and causes frequent lameness. Drylots offer inadequate protection from the elements, and heavy rains create layers of mud and manure several inches thick, often making it difficult or impossible for the cows to walk or lie down on a dry surface, which dairy experts recognize as a health requirement for cows. Further, the population density on dirt feedlots tends to be very high. In the southern regions of California, one of the largest dairy-producing states, the average number of cows per dairy was 800 to 1,000 in 2005aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ more than three times higher than it was in 1972. High density makes it difficult to maintain sanitation, and dairy cows housed this way are subject to frequent illness and infections. Organic dairies Unlike the sorry state of most so-called free-range? hicken facilities, the majority of organic milk producers do treat their cows well, providing access to pasture and proper feed, avoiding growth hormones, and adhering to ethical standards. However, the growth of the organic milk industry in the 1990s and the early 2000s has attracted the attention of agribusinesses, whose desire to participate in this lucrative market has led them to compromise organic standards and lobby for the degradation of such regulations at the federal level. According to a 2006 report by the Cornucopia Institute, a farm-policy research group, some of the countrys leading producers of milk, after entering the organic market, have attempted to transfer their factory-farm dairying techniques to the production of aâ‚ ¬? organicaâ‚ ¬? milk. The study found that nearly 20 percent of the organic-brand milk on store shelves was from producers following substandard practices. Consumers should be aware that some of the biggest names in the business are among those implicated.